السلام عليكم و رحمة الله
هذه بعض الإقتراحات التي قد تساعد في الكتابة الإنشائية للغة الإنجليزية
Disposing of the rubbish we produce every
day is a major problem in cities around the world. In Britain, 85% of
waste is disposed by landfill, a system which is supposed to prevent
pollution, since waste is buried in the ground. This method is far from
perfect; however, finding new areas is becoming difficult. Recycling is
an increasingly popular way of getting rid of waste, and in Britain a
target of recycling half of all domestic recyclable waste has been set
for the coming years.
A city that has solved
its waste disposal problem in an unusual way is Machida, in Japan. They
have developed a totally new approach to waste disposal. The key to the
operation is public co-operation. Families must divide their rubbish
into six categories.
rubbish that can be easily burnt (combustible), such as kitchen and garden waste.
non-combustible rubbish such as small electric appliances, plastic tools and plastic toys.
products that are toxic or that cause pollution, such as batteries.
bottles and glass containers that can be recycled.
metal containers that can be recycled.
large items such as furniture and bicycles.
T
he items in categories 1-5 are collected on different days; (large
items are only collected on request.) Then the rubbish is taken to a
centre that looks like a clean new office building or hospital. Inside,
special equipment is used to sort and process the waste. Almost
everything can be reused. Kitchen or garden waste becomes fertilizer;
combustible items are burnt to produce electricity; metal containers and
bottles are recycled and old furniture, clothing and other useful items
are cleaned, repaired and resold cheaply or given away. The work
provides employment for disabled people and gives them a chance to learn
new skills.
Nowadays,
officials from cities around the world visit Machida to see whether they
can use some of these ideas and techniques to solve their own waste
disposal problems.
Many
cities around the world today are heavily polluted. Careless
manufacturing methods employed by some industries and absence of
consumer demand for environmentally safe products have been behind the
pollution problem. One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper,
plastic and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to
dispose of. However,
today more and more consumers are choosing ‘green’ and demanding that
the products they buy are safe for the environment. Before they buy a
product, they ask questions like these, Will this product damage the
ozone layer?, Is this package of any danger to the environment? Or Can
this metal container be used once? A recent study showed that two out of five adults now consider the Environmental
safety of a product before they buy it. This means that companies must
now change the way they make and sell their products to make sure that
they are ‘green’, that is, friendly to the environment. Only
a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in
supermarkets, but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket products have
tickets on them to show that the product is green. Some companies have
made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling
point and insist on it in their advertising. The
concern of a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink
how they do business. The public will no longer accept the old attitude
of Buy it, Use it and then Throw it away. ^
When your parents were
young, people could buy cigarettes and smoke pretty much anywhere - even
in hospitals! Ads for cigarettes were all over the place. Today we're
more aware about how bad smoking is for our health. Smoking is
restricted or banned in almost all public places and cigarette companies
are no longer allowed to advertise on buses or trains, billboards, TV,
and in many magazines.
Almost
everyone knows that smoking causes cancer, emphysema, and heart disease;
that it can shorten your life by 14 years or more; and that the habit
can cost a smoker thousands of dollars a year. So how come people are
still lighting up!
The
migration of skilled individuals from developing countries has
typically been considered to be costly for the sending country, due to
lost investments in education, high fiscal costs and labour market
distortions. Economic theory, however, raises the possibility of a
beneficial brain drain primarily through improved incentives to acquire
human capital. Our survey of empirical and theoretical work shows under
what circumstances a developing country can benefit from skilled
migration. It argues that the sectoral aspects of migration and
screening of migrants in the receiving country are of major importance
in determining the welfare implications of the brain drain. These
issues, as well as the size of the sending country, duration of
migration and the effect of diaspora populations, should be addressed in
future empirical work on skilled migration .
Television has became part of our every day life .what are its advantages and disadvantages
On
the one hand, TV has became the most influential means of the mass
media because it has both sound and picture .it's also the most popular
source of information education and international , in brief TV brings
the whole word to us.
One
the other hand TV develops passive and lazy viewers .it also prevents
communication between the members of the family besides students don't
their homwork and may became aggressive when they watch films of
violence
I think that the
best things to relief from stress is to watch some sitcoms or hear
something funny like jokes …person should develop his sense of humor and
he should be cool , Comic and optimistic, because some expert of mental
.health have noted that we can't imagine going through a day without
laughter.Humor will make every part of your life better.It will help you
trough difficult times and it will help you make the good times even
letter, also i twill attract good people and good situations to you.
Publié par youness
The concept of human
rights has existed under several names in European thought for many
centuries, at least since the time of King John of England. After the
king violated a number of ancient laws and customs by which England had
been governed, his subjects forced him to sign the Magna Carta, or Great
Charter, which enumerates a number of what later came to be thought of
as human rights. Among them were the right of the church to be free from
governmental interference, the rights of all free citizens to own and
inherit property and be free from excessive taxes. It established the
right of widows who owned property to choose not to remarry, and
established principles of due process and equality before the law. It
also contained provisions forbidding bribery and official misconduct.
The
political and religious traditions in other parts of the world also
proclaimed what have come to be called human rights, calling on rulers
to rule justly and compassionately, and delineating limits on their
power over the lives, property, and activities of their citizens.
In
the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Europe several philosophers
proposed the concept of "natural rights," rights belonging to a person
by nature and because he was a human being, not by virtue of his
citizenship in a particular country or membership in a particular
religious or ethnic group. This concept was vigorously debated and
rejected by some philosophers as baseless. Others saw it as a
formulation of the underlying principle on which all ideas of citizens'
rights and political and religious liberty were based.
In
the late 1700s two revolutions occurred which drew heavily on this
concept. In 1776 most of the British colonies in North America
proclaimed their independence from the British Empire in a document
which still stirs feelings, and debate, the U.S. Declaration of
Independence
Publié par youness
Globalization
refers to increasing global connectivity, integration and
interdependence in the economic, social, technological, cultural,
political, and ecological spheres. Globalization is an umbrella term and
is perhaps best understood as a unitary process inclusive of many
sub-processes (such as enhanced economic interdependence, increased
cultural influence, rapid advances of information technology, and novel
governance and geopolitical challenges) that are increasingly binding
people and the biosphere more tightly into one global system.
There
are several definitions and all usually mention the increasing
connectivity of economies and ways of life across the world. The
Encyclopedia Britannica says that globalization is the "process by which
the experience of everyday life ... is becoming standardized around
theworld." While some scholars and observers of globalization stress
convergence of patterns of production and consumption and a resulting
homogenization of culture, others stress that globalization has the
potential to take many diverse forms
Racism or racialism is a form of race, especially the
belief that one race is superior to another. Racism may be expressed
individually and consciously, through explicit thoughts, feelings, or
acts, or socially and unconsciously, through institutions that promote
inequality between races.
In the 19th century many legitimized racist beliefs
and practices through scientific theories about biological differences
among races. Today, most scientists have rejected the biological basis
of race or the validity of "race" as a scientific concept. Racism, then,
becomes discrimination based on alleged race. Racists themselves
usually do believe that humans are divided into different races.
There are two main definitions of racism today. One of
them states that racism is dicrimination based on alleged race, the
other - newer - one states that racism has started to include also
discrimination based on religion or culture
Nowadays we take it for granted that women have the same rights as men before the first world war few people believed this.
As far as work was concerned there were jobs wich were
regarded as women`s jobs and other wiche were regarded as men`s jobs.
Women`s jobs were generally lower paid as men`s. Men did almost all the
heavy jobs in industry or in transport.
Women had jobs like dress-making,cleanning or worked as servants.
Women`s main role was as being to raise childeren and
look for their home. Women were not expected to take position of
leaderschip. Women were not even allowed to vote in elections.
Before the war some women had been struggling to
achieve greater equality with men. The most famous of these had been the
suffragettes who stagged a violent campaign against the govervment from
1905 to 1914 trying to achieve the right to vote.however, at the
outbreak of war, the were still no near to success. Many men argued that
women were unsuited to such responsibility that women could not be
trusted to vote sensibly that women should
Spanish officials
estimate that about 1.000 people have downed attempting to enter Europe
by crossing the 10-mile wide strait of Gibraltar in the past six years ,
Spanish officials say that morocco is tolerating the exit of small
boats .
In 1996. several
hundred illegal immigrants .most Moroccans were picked up by the police
and coast guard on the southern shores of Spain , morocco’s newly
appointed prime mister .Aberahmane youssoufi . blamed illegal
immigration on poverty , and said that policeman and walls are not
solution to the illegal migration ,which should be handed with realism
in order to find human solutions .
On
February, the interior ministers of morocco and Italy signed a
convention to cooperate in the fight against drug smuggling and illegal
immigration the Italian interior minister said that a lot of Moroccans
live legally in Italy .the largest foreign community in the country.
Hand in hand between Morocco and Italy to fight drugs , illegal immigration .
The Internet is a
worldwide, publicly accessible network of interconnected com****r
networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard
Internet Protocol (IP). It is a "network of networks" that consists of
millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government
networks, which together carry various information and services, such as
electronic mail, online chat, file transfer, and the interlinked web
pages and other documents of the world wide web.
The
USSR's launch of Sputnik spurred the United States to create the
Advanced Research Projects Agency, known as ARPA, in February 1958 to
regain a technological lead.[1][2] ARPA created the Information
Processing Technology Office (IPTO) to further the research of the Semi
Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) program, which had networked
country-wide radar systems together for the first time. J. C. R.
Licklider was selected to head the IPTO, and saw universal networking as
a potential unifying human revolution.
Licklider
had moved from the Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory at Harvard University to
MIT in 1950, after becoming interested in information technology. At
MIT, he served on a committee that established Lincoln Laboratory and
worked on the SAGE project. In 1957 he became a Vice President at BBN,
where he bought the first production PDP-1 com****r and conducted the
first public demonstration of time-sharing.
At
the IPTO, Licklider recruited Lawrence Roberts to head a project to
implement a network, and Roberts based the technology on the work of
Paul Baran who had written an exhaustive study for the U.S. Air Force
that recommended packet switching (as opposed to circuit switching) to
make a network highly robust and survivable. After much work, the first
node went live at UCLA on October 29, 1969 on what would be called the
ARPANET, one of the "eve" networks of today's Internet. Following on
from this, the British Post Office, Western Union International and
Tymnet collaborated to create the first international packet switched
network, referred to as the International Packet Switched Service
(IPSS), in 1978. This network grew from Europe and the US to cover
Canada, Hong Kong and Australia by 1981.
The
first TCP/IP-wide area network was operational by January 1, 1983, when
the United States' National Science Foundation (NSF) constructed a
university network backbone that would later become the NSFNet.
It
was then followed by the opening of the network to commercial interests
in 1985. Important, separate networks that offered gateways into, then
later merged with, the NSFNet include Usenet, BITNET and the various
commercial and educational networks, such as X.25, Compuserve and JANET.
Telenet (later called Sprintnet) was a large privately-funded national
com****r network with free dial-up access in cities throughout the U.S.
that had been in operation since the 1970s. This network eventually
merged with the others in the 1990s as the TCP/IP protocol became
increasingly popular. The ability of TCP/IP to work over these
pre-existing communication networks, especially the international X.25
IPSS network, allowed for a great ease of growth. Use of the term
"Internet" to describe a single global TCP/IP network originated around
this time
A is the consequence
of when a potential natural hazard becomes a physical event (e.g.
volcanic eruption, earthquake, landslide) and this interacts with human
activities. Human vulnerability, caused by the lack of planning, lack of
appropriate emergency management or the event being unexpected, leads
to financial, structural, and human losses. The resulting loss depends
on the capacity of the population to support or resist the disaster,
their resilience.[1] This understanding is concentrated in the
formulation: "disasters occur when hazards meet vulnerability".[2] A
natural hazard will hence never result in a natural disaster in areas
without vulnerability, e.g. strong earthquakes in uninhabited areas. The
term natural has consequently been dis****d because the events simply
are not hazards or disasters without human involvement-
WAR is one of the
wost crime that pople have ever made to the humanity. that's why we
should know why some ediot poeple can't stand leaving in peace becuase
the
best thing that can draw the smile on every one's face is the peace.
but in reality we have a deferent image to the world, we see that no one
want to respect the right of other or want's to enslave poeple or take
there weals, and they make some silly reasons to get what they want
exactly like what happend to
our brothers in iraq.
war also creat a very bad destarction and ruin in everywhere.
and
from the main point we can say that poepl in stean of burning world
they have to to learn how to leave in peace and creat the happiness
instead of hate and killing
